Ainu

In 1904 a group of eight Ainu were brought from Hokkaido to St. Louis to constitute, along with other Native people from throughout the world, a "living group" exhibit in the Department of Anthropology at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Prof. W. J. McGee, chief of the department, secured the services of the Ainu through the assistance of Professor Frederick Starr from the University of Chicago; Starr made the trip to Japan for the purpose.

In Rydell's All the Worlds a Fair, he argues that the world's fairs in America from 1876-1916 were a material vision of political, business, and intellectuals to promote their vision of racial dominance. According to Rydell's book the world fairs portrayed a sinister agenda. And the ideas of American progress were related to scientific racism. He also states that the world fair's organizers utilized the Fair in a "scientific" manner to racially segregate members of the American population and the world.

Moreover Anna carol Christ's' The Sole Guardians of the Art Inheritance of Asia": Japan at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, echoes Rydell points. In her article she focus on how the Japanese used their exhibits in the St. Louis's World's Fair, to take advantage of China's vulnerability. Both historians' accounts rises intriguing points onto the subject of the St. Louis Worlds Fair exhibits. The Ainu exhibit in the anthropology department and the "Japan Fair" seemed to connect on the same principles both historians mentioned but fagot to discuss which this paper will try to expand upon.

This paper looks at the role of Department of Anthropology at St. Louis Fair in exhibiting the Ainu group. This display of the Ainu served the general agenda of World's Fair and that of Japan. Also this paper will look at how the Imperial Japanese Commission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition used its exhibits designed in Western style for self-promotional purposes, by the use of display, journalism, and literature. The Commission wanted to disassociates it self from anything that is uncivil on the Fair's grounds.

I will begin with a brief overview of the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair Anthropology Department at the Fair and its Ainu exhibit. Next I will look at the Japanese Commission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition's "Fair Japan" exhibits related materials and publications produced in English for the Fair's audience.

In 1899 ninety delegates representing states and territories of the Louisiana Purchase met in St. Louis. Their meeting was to figure out how to memorialize the centennial acquisition of the Louisiana territory. After extensive discussions it was generally agreed on that the celebration would be best accomplished by creating an international exposition held in St. Louis, hence The Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904[1].

As the with World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, anthropology had a significant role in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. According to the president of the St. Louis’s Fair David R. Francis, "the Anthropology reservation will carry representatives of upward of thirty living groups are to be seen in nature dress, living in houses of their own construction, cooking and eating the food to which they are accustomed at home, and practicing those simple arts and industries, which they themselves developed." to do the job Francis sought the help of Prof. W.J. McGee.

Prof. W. J. McGee was the head of the Bureau of American Ethnology in Washington, D.C. was appointed chief of the Department of Anthropology at the Exposition in the summer of 1903. Prof. W. J. McGee was considered then as the leading authority on anything anthropology. Especially during his tenure at the Bureau of American Ethnology in Washington, D.C. and prior to his appointment as chief of the Department of Anthropology St. Louis Fair, according to Rydell Prof. McGee was charged with financial irregularity, which forced him to resign the Washington position.

In Prof. McGee's early speeches in preparing for the Fair he assured the audience of mainly Fairs organizers that “the aim of the Department of Anthropology at the World's Fair will be to present human progress from the dark prime to the highest enlightenment; from savagery to civic organization, from egoism to altruism. The method will be to use living peoples in their accustomed avocations as great object lessons; failing these in some cases, we shall use human products to illustrate human progress".[2]

Prof. McGee created the most extensive anthropology exhibits of any world's fair before or since[3]. Although the Department of Anthropology featured traditional museum, or "still." exhibits in a building on the camps of Washington University, the main emphasis, as McGee had promised, was on "living peoples," outdoor ethnographic exhibits located on an extensive "anthropology reservation" where representatives of up-ward to thirty living groups are to he seen in native dress, living in houses of their own construction, cooking and eating the food to which they are accustomed at home, and practicing those simple arts and industries, which they have. Themselves developed"[4].

According to Vanstone living groups, or "out-of-doors exhibits" as it was labeled by concessionaires, had been used for the first time in U.S. in the Chicago Columbian Exposition of 1893. And in a way Prof. McGee was trying to equal Prof. F. W. Putnam efforts in displaying anthropology to the public. Moreover the anthropology reserve was not the only place where Native peoples were to be exhibited as "living peoples". Another popular feature of the Exposition was "The Pike".

The Pike was described by David Francis, as a "living color page of the world." And it ranged as mile long amusement adjunct, and it was referred to as St. Louis's equivalent to Chicago's Midway of 1893. On the Pike food, beverages, rides, shows, souvenirs, and the living groups were displayed along each other. Here the various anthropological concessions exhibits were set up. The exhibits included a Chinese village a Moorish palace and according to Vanstone the Pikes' most popular the Esquimaux village concession[5]. Also Native American Indians concessions were built, the "Cliff Dwellers," where the Hopi and Zuni Indians tribes form Colorado displayed hand made crafts and danced for the fairgoers.

For the Pike visitors paid different admission fee every time they wanted to visit an exhibit along The Pike, the fees in return went to each exhibits' concessionaire[6]. Visitors to the Anthropology exhibits had the opportunity to watch the primitives from all around the world. First visitors watched the natives pursuing daily activities on the reserved land for anthropology, and then on the more a commercialized concession exhibits. The emphasis on the later one was theatrical display and entertainment.

To represent a living group from Japan, McGee and Exposition officials picked the Ainu of Hokkaido Island. Ainu have long been the subject of academic debate. And in actuality it was not the first time American had heard of them. the Ainu were particularly noted for their hairy bodies in The Atlantic Monthly, article titled In a Quest of a Shadow by Todd Loomis in September 1897.As Loomis referred to them as "Hairy Ainu". And perhaps it was for their controversial background that McGee felt that Ainu had to be present at the World Fair.
During Tokugawa (Edo) Period (1603 - 1867) the Ainu population on Main Island Japan has been reduced and moved farther north Japanese isle to Hokkaido. Under the Matsumae domain grants and permissions were given to wealthy Tokyo and Osaka merchant to utilize the land and its fishery. This domain continued its commercializing plans, and demand for fishery labor eventually lead to the Ainu's subjugation militarily[7].

According to David Howell "trade originating in this medieval period and, the proto-industrial production that eventually evolved out of it, made the Ainu dependent for their subsistence upon the Matsumae domain and its agents, particularly the established concept of contract-fishery operation which the Matsumae Domain had brought to Hokkaido." by the end of the Tokugawa period labor in the commercial fishery the Matsumae domain had created, according to Howell "was at least as important to the Ainu economy as traditional hunting and gathering activities."[8]
During Meiji period commonly known as Meiji Restoration period that lasted from 1868 to 1912, Ainu culture and society witnessed tremendous decline. This is important because the restoration that the Meiji brought was heavily concentrated on westernizing Japan by democratizing and industrializing the island. The Restoration the Meiji introduced made new and aggressive policies of assimilation. To the Ainu the Restoration came in the form of deculturation, which sought to eliminate everything from their language and other manifestations of Ainu's native culture. The policies were devastatingly effective.

On January 18 1904 McGee wrote instructing Starr for his trip to Japan, " You are to secure the voluntary attendance at the Exposition of eight or ten Ainu tribesmen, preferably comprising one or two families, with such appurtenances as may be required to permit them to live in their accustomed way throughout the period of the Exposition, in a habitation or habitations erected by themselves on the Exposition grounds."[9] Also Starr was given a letter of introduction from President Francis to the Commissioner General of the Imperial Japanese Commission for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in Tokyo.

Starr arrived at a time when Meiji Japan was preparing for war with Russia. And apparently Starr was surprised to how the Japanese officials accommodation to his mission went peacefully, even though war was brewing. Starr noted his experience about that time stating " But, through this period of stress and preparation, of dispatching troops and moving war equipment, we were never disrupted or delayed in our mission; those officials, whom we were obliged to meet, received us with the same courtesy and attended to our requests with same care and promptness, as if it were a time of complete peace."[10]

When Starr reached Hokkaido he was advised to meet Rev. John Batchelor in his house on outskirts of Sapporo city. According to Starr "The Rev. John Batchelor came to Yezo in I879, a young man of twenty-four years. He has lived here ever since- more than half his lifetime. A clergyman of the Church of England and a missionary of the Church Missionary Society, he labors among both Japanese and Ainu, but considers himself particularly called to be 'the Apostle to the Ainu'. He knows this people as no other stranger, Japanese or "foreigner," does. He has visited their villages in all parts of the island; he speaks their language more perfectly than their own young people do; he has studied their life, and thought, and fancies. He is their friend and adviser in need and trouble.

While his converts among them may number nine hundred, his acquaintance and influence extends to thousands. He has actually lived for years in their villages, especially Piratori and Horobets. He has written a Dictionary and a Grammar of the Ainu language and has translated the Psalms, the New Testament, several Bible narratives, he is the author of the two best books upon their life and thought The Ainu of Japan and The Ainu and Their Folk-lore."[11] While Starr stay with the Rev. saw his first Ainu.

With Rev. John Bachelors' help Starr was able to obtain the Ainu group he came for. His group consisted of two couples in their mid fifties Sangea Hirmura husband, and his wife Santukno. Two younger couples Kutoroge Hiramura husband and his wife Shutratek and their two young girls Kin and Kiku; and slightly younger couple, Yazo Osawa husband, age twenty-three, and his wife Shirake, age eighteen; and a twenty-six years old Main Land native Coro Bete for translation[12].

According to David R. Francis President of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, who was shared the views of McGee, "the Ainu were selected to illustrate industries connected with body ward movement, a primitive agriculture which has produced a distinctive Corm of millet, specialized architecture befitting a trying climate, A most primitive musical system and a bear-cult; and in the hope of acquainting the world for the first time with the full law and faith of a little-known primitive people".

The Ainu group eventually arrived to St. Louis and was brought to St. Louis Worlds Fair grounds. Materials for the construction of the Ainu house were brought on May 11, and the Ainu were "astonishingly prompt"[13] in erecting their house (Fig1). The Ainu worked on their house in the present of a group of invited guests, which included W. J. McGee and George A. Dorsey, curator of anthropology at the Field Columbian Museum in Chicago. According to Vanstone Prof. Frederick Starr was teaching his class in Chicago and couldn't come to the meeting.

The Ainu group eventually arrived to St. Louis and was brought to St. Louis Worlds Fair grounds. Materials for the construction of the Ainu house were brought on May 11, and the Ainu were "astonishingly prompt"[14] in erecting their house (Fig1). The Ainu worked on their house in the present of a group of invited guests, which included W. J. McGee and George A. Dorsey, curator of anthropology at the Field Columbian Museum in Chicago. According to Vanstone Prof. Frederick Starr was teaching his class in Chicago and couldn't come to the meeting.

Prof. McGee provided the necessary building materials for the Ainu, and they according Vanstone were a prompt in using the materials to build their house for the six-month period of the Fair. Surprisingly Ainu were familiar with building material, because in one picture from the Fair, the Ainu appeared as if they were in an actual village-house that Starr had found them in.
An interpreter provided by the Japanese Commission to Fair, Mr. Inagaki, presided over traditional ceremonies with a Christian dedication scheduled for the following Sunday [15]. During their stay at the Exposition the Ainu surprised the visitors by holding Christian religious services and, on several occasions, attending services at a nearby Episcopal church.

All the living groups at the Exposition a subject matter of lectures by students and scientists. The Ainu were measured, questioned, and they faced ethnology classes while professors lectured on their customs, religion, and ceremonies. According to J. Stone "Frederick Starr taught a three-week course, beginning on September 1, entitled 'The Louisiana Purchase Exposition Class in Ethnology,' for which students Could receive credits in their major subjects. It attracted about 30 students from the University of Chicago and some St. Louis schoolteachers."

Starr's lectured on the Ainu was between 9 to 10:00 am, titled the physical characteristics of race. The Ainu, like the other living groups, were tolerant of questions asked to them sometimes through the interpreter. Hanson for his Official History of the World's Fair wrote about this "Pertinent and impertinent, about themselves without asking return information respecting the white people who were studying them". One enthusiastic writer referred to the Ainu as "mysterious little Japanese primitives" and noted that visitors were impressed by their cleanliness and polite manners, but somewhat disappointed that they were not "man-eaters, dog eaters or wild men"[16]

August marked "Anthropology Days", which were Olympic type contests and activities in the Exposition. The contests involved the members of the living groups in sport competitions. The sports ranged from running, high jumping, archery and, spear throwing. The Ainu, Patagonians, Eskimos, Native Americans, Philippine and African groups were all competing. For example the Ainu and Patagonians tribe from Argentina competed in archery contests. The winners were given American flags instead of gold medals.

The Ainu group elicited particular interest because they were the first of their people to come to the United States; they were not well known even in their own country. It is noteworthy that of the more than 600 persons in the Japanese entourage at the Exposition, only one person had previously seen an Ainu[17].

The Department of Anthropology was credited with great success in presenting the world's peoples "true to life." including, of course, the Ainu. Visitors and Exposition personnel agreed, "Ethnology was never so truthfully represented as at the Universal Exposition of 1904."[18]
The Exposition administrators must have been pleased, because according to Van Stone, on October 17. 1904, about six weeks before the Exposition was to close. McGee notified Star that, for the Ainu group, he was awarded a "Grand Prize", supplemented by a silver medal for Mr. Y. Inagaki. These prizes were awarded in the Ethnology, United States, Depart mental Exhibits category. The Ainu group's "primitive culture" which Prof. Starr exhibited at the St. Louis's World's Fair, centuries prior to his arrival had endured cultural transformations and economic dependency.

"On July 10, 1903, an imperial ordinance for the organization of the imperial Japanese commission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition was issued by the Mikado to the effect that the imperial commission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition should be under the supervision of the minister of state for agriculture and commerce, and should deal with all the matters relating to the participation of the Japanese Empire in the
Louisiana Purchase Exposition;"[19]

At the beginning of the 20th century, a global movement made by industrial nations and nation-state alike in attempt to farther modernize, industrialize, and militarize for purpose of expansionism. Asian countries particularly China with the exception of Japan experienced throughout the end of the 19th century exploitations and colonization largely made by Western states.

On this era which St. Louis's World's Fair of 1904 coincided with, Anna Christ writes," This was an era of international arm-wrestling in which losing countries were eclipsed, and China had been losing for some time".[20] After the Opium Wars, Great Britain, France, and Russia, followed by the United States had great economical power in East Asia. Japan understood Western intentions in the East, and Japanese tired to emerge from this aggressively imperialist period as much stronger nation than China by equating it self with the West.

The First Sino–Japanese War (1894 - 1895) was a war fought between Qing Dynasty China and Meiji Japan over the control of Korea[21]. The Sino-Japanese War symbolized the degeneration and weakness of the Qing dynasty and demonstrated to the Meiji Japan how successful westernization and modernization had been in Japan since the Restoration. After the war Japan took possession of Chinese territory and Formosa current day Taiwan.

According to Christ "Japanese were threatened by the U.S. seizure of the Philippines during the Spanish-American War. In 1900, when Japanese troops entered Peking with the Western powers in response to the Boxer Rebellion, it was apparent that the Japanese sought to measure up on the Western scale."[22]

The principal results from these events in East Asia, was a shift in regional power and dominance from China to Japan; from Chinese traditions of the Qing Dynasty to Emperor Meiji's Restoration.

Japan at the time of the World's Fair tired to raise its international status from defamed "Oriental" to a respected colonial power. The Japanese understood the World's Fair environment very well. And by 1904 Japan was an accomplished exposition participant and a promoter of its state and culture. Since the international exposition in Vienna in 1873,to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, Japan has participated in twenty-seven world's fairs. [23]

The Japanese, in views of accomplished St. Louis Fair cessionaries, were successful exhibitors on the Fairs' grounds. Because Japan along with Western nations was a model of “modern representational order” from East Asia, in which neither the Chinese nor the Ainu were. The Japanese official Commission to the fair sized the opportunity of the St. Louis Fair as a way to strengthen its dominant position in the Far East. According to Stevens," Her (Japan) participation in the exposition at St. Louis was more memorable in many respects than at any preceding exposition. In the first place, the exhibits never before occupied such an extensive area. It was three times as large as that occupied by Japan at the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 and the Paris Exposition of 1900, respectively."[24]

Notwithstanding the fact that there was only a short period of nine months between Japan's decision to participate and the opening of the fair, and that in the course of that comparatively short period the rupture of friendly relations between Russia and Japan greatly handicapped the latter's endeavors concerning the exposition, the officials and exhibitors pursued their preconceived plan without an interruption. In view of such disadvantages, the promptness and accuracy with which articles were brought into their destination, arranged, and displayed seasonably in proper form may well be regarded as remarkable.

The Official Commission to the Fair participated in almost each department of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Displays on an especially elaborate scale, however, could be found in the following eleven palaces, namely: Palaces of Education and Social Economy, Fine Arts, Liberal Arts, Manufactures, Varied Industries, Transportation, Mines, Forestry, Fish, and Game, Electricity, and Agriculture. The total area of space of the Japanese sections totaled 129,457[25] Square feet.

The Japanese sent “a fine collection” of decorative arts to the St.Louis fair.
According to Christ this was due to “political changes” giving “a new turn” to Japanese foreign policy. These changes surely led to the 1868 Meiji Restoration. The Vienna Exposition of 1873 marked the beginning of a more aggressive style of participation with which the Japanese announced their capabilities. The Meiji government spent three years planning the exhibit and another year choosing materials. From 1873 forward, Japanese governmental agencies staged exhibits in most international fairs[26].

Japan’s newly earned status as imperialist nation ensured its entry into St. Louis’s fine arts palace current day St. Louis Art museum. And just like the World's Fair founders, Japanese bureaucrats and businessmen made up the Japanese Official Commission to the Fair. According to Christ these officials persuaded Halsey Ives head of the Art building, for more space for more than two years prior to the fair.

They constantly requested more gallery space and held a juried event in Tokyo to choose the works to be sent to St. Louis. Shugio sent Ives a proposed gallery plan many months in advance and ended up with seven spacious galleries on which he spent an unusually large amount of money and attention, sending Japanese artists to St. Louis to paint friezes directly on the walls. The representative value of fine art was so high that Japan included an artist’s studio in its pavilion, a feature that no other nation offered. In addition to many other publications about their exhibits, the Japanese produced an elaborate fine arts catalog complete with artists’ names and a full array of photographs.

Japanese writers publishing in English during the era championed Japanese nationalism as they depicted a broken and dependent China. In Awakening of Japan Okakura proclaimed that Japan stood “alone against the world” without “the benefit of a living art in China.” In Ideals of the East he called Japan a “museum of Asiatic civilization” where “Chinese and Indian ideals” were preserved because “they were long since cast away by the hands that created them.

In Book of Tea, published the year following the St. Louis fair, Okakura described the Chinese as “old and disenchanted.” Hoshi had put the West on notice several years earlier by depicting Japan in a paternalistic stance, a common posture for colonial powers: “The nations of the West shall not be allowed to transform the soul of [the Chinese] people, no matter how much they may hack and cut at their flesh.” He also asserted that Japan had, "the same cause to uphold in China and the same interests to protect as other civilized nations." which reflected Western imperialist notion of ac-quiring Asian lands. And in another article Takahira expressed Japan’s determination to stop Russia from "acquiring any part of China’s territory."

Another example was Nitobe Inaz¯o’s book Bushido: The Soul of Japan published in 1901 and it was sold it in the Fair. In this book Nitobe tried to familiarize foreign readers with Japan, and also to demonstrate a parallel in Japanese and Western traditions. He effectively portrayed Japan as the moral equivalent of the Western powers in Asia because according to Anna Christ Nitobe heard that President Theodore Roosevelt actually had read Bushido.

St. Louis's Fair exhibition ordering helped Japan alternate the reading of Japan’s colonial position. By assigning Japan the title of imperial nation and colonial power: the protector of Chinese territory and the inheritor of Chinese culture. The Japanese Ainu exhibit was located closely to the U.S. Philippine and Native American exhibits at the Anthropology Department. And for the Ainu, Japan actually did collaborate with McGee's Anthropology Department to exhibit the Ainu as inferior to the people at the Fair. The eight Ainu "specimens" were considered inferior several stages to the Japanese in the claimed scientific poster titled "Types and Development of Man" at the Department.

To disassociate themselves from the Ainu, the Commission listed them primitive race. Ironically the Ainu were considered "simple barbarians" incapable of "civilization". Even though since the Ainu's arrival, the Ainu had built their houses cooked their food, competed in sports and, answered Fair gores questions.

It seemed apparent that Department of Anthropology at World's Fair categorization of the Ainu seemed to legitimize Japans' colonial venture in China.
According to Rydell the confusion surrounding the Ainu exhibit, made visitors think of the Ainu as spoils of japans' colony in the Far East. Those eight Ainu were the first of their people to come to the United States. Before the Fair according to Francis only one person out of 600 or more members of the Official Japanese Commission to the Fair had claimed to previously seen an Ainu.

The game of colonial competition on St. Louis World’s Fair is was part of a global colonial phenomenon. The McGee's Anthropology underplayed the Ainu's civilization, by displaying them as objects for study and experiments.

4 Francis David Rowland, 1850-1927."The Universal Exposition of 1904 / by David R. Francis." St. Louis, Mo.: Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company, 1913.
[2] 1903 the Exposition Concessionaires' Association. World’s Fair Bulletin 4912):34-35
[3] Rydell, Robert W.
[4] Frederick Starr The Ainu Group at the Saint-Louis Exposition.( Chicago: Open Court Publishing Company.1904)
[5] Van Stone, James W
[6] Anonymous1903~34-35; Mac Mechen 1904:Zl
[7] “Making Useful Citizens OF Ainu Subjects in Early Twentieth-Century Japan”.
[8] David L. Howell, Capitalism from Within: Economy, Society, and the State in a Japanese Fishery. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995) 5.
[9] Vanstone p.3
[10] Frederick Starr. The Ainu Group at the Saint-Louis Exposition (Chicago: Open Court Publishing Company.1904) 4
[11] Frederick Starr p.12
10 Frederick Starr p.15
[13] Starr p.12
[14] Starr p.12
[15] The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Sunday. May 22. 1904
[16] (Hanson 1904:385, 393).
[17] Francis.
[18] Stevens, Final Report of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission.
[19] Walter B. Stevens 1904 p.8
[20] Anna C. Christ. "Japan's Seven Acres: Politics and Aesthetics at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition." (Durham: Duke University Press,1996): 2.
[21] Reischauer East Asia Tradition and Transformation
[22] Anna C. Christ p.2
[23] Walter B. Stevens p.273
[24] Walter B. Stevens
[25]
[26] Alcock Rutherford, Art and Art Industries in Japan (London: Virtue, 1878), 5.

freedom ???

Ask any learned American to name the deadliest war the united state had ever been involved in and they would sure to say the Civil War. Equal perhaps to the Second World War the civil war had spawned more books fictional and none, movies also fictional or reenactment of actual events and battles. So much so that it is only dwarfed in bulk by academic papers in scholarly magazines on it causes and on its effects. Everywhere you go in the nation you are reminded of it. Either through museums or national parks dedicated to it. As if that is not enough every year, so called Civil War clubs commemorate certain key or bloody battles, like that of Gettysburg, by reenacting it. Full with authentic uniforms and arms down to the food they ate. But the effect of the Civil War cannot be only seen by such displays to its memory. The Civil War’s effect on the American consciousness and how the nation function as a nation is real. It is perhaps ironic that both sides of the conflict fought to attain the same goal, freedom. The north fought for freedom of the slaves, while the south fought for the freedom of maintaining its way of life. More then that the south fought to keep itself free from, what it perceived, as an interfering federal government. But what lessons did the united state derive from its deadliest of all wars; and above all how did it look back at the Civil War and even more importantly the prewar period. Did things truly change that much for the African now freed slaves in the reconstruction period or did things remain the same. Did they remain in poverty and harassed in their efforts for self-determination. Or did their northerner white liberators tried to carry them along to the their own status of life and living.
Gone With the Wind is perhaps the most famous movie about the civil war period other then perhaps the silent Birth of a Nation. Produced in 1939, it starred Clark Gable as Rhett Butler and Vivien Leigh as Scarlet O'Hara. The movie follows the lives of its two heroes against the backdrop of the Civil War era, including what life was like before and during the reconstruction period. In it’s beginning the movie shows southerners in fine clothing and acting in genteel manners. That is how most American even now remembers the pre Civil War south. In fact the following words introduced the movie “ There was a land of Cavaliers and Cotton Fields called the Old South. Here in this pretty world, Gallantry took its last bow. Here was the last ever to be seen of Knights and their Ladies Fair, of Master and of Slave. Look for it only in books, for it is no more than a dream remembered, a Civilization gone with the wind…” But of course the truth was far from the prettily painted picture. The old south was filled with suffocating cotton plantations. With slaves, who were sold, bought, punished, rewarded, clothed, fed, married, divorced and finally allowed to live, all according to their masters whim and wish.
So did the American view of the south change after the civil war. Now days the south is viewed as backwards full of citizen who are in the majority uneducated and ardently racist. Who even after they had gone to war and their defeat still oppressed the black population. But was the south alone in their attitude. Northerners may claim equal rights and freedom but when it came to putting it to practice were they agreeable and eager? The answer was unfortunately was no. Though there were no organized lynching mobs as it was in the south and complete disregard to the human life of blacks. There was in the north an indifferent that is in many ways worse then what was happening to the blacks in the south. Worst of all was the unfulfilled promise of Forty acres and a mule promised to every freed slave. An economic force that would have lifted the blacks from their abject poverty, which continues to this day as was shamefully revealed after the hurricane Katrina crisis.
It is true that the united state was slow in learning the lessons of the civil war. That oppressed people will one day stand up and fight for their rights and what is due to them. No more can this be seen then in the events of 1863 depicted in the movie Gangs of New York. When finally low wages and slave-like work places driven the angry and hate filled workers to a deadly riot. When exploited immigrants turned to what they saw as the reason for their low wages and miserable life, not the owners and factories but their minority black coworkers. But were they to blame for their hatred. During the reconstruction period the north saw an influx of African American escaping the continued bigotry of the south seeking their fortune in industry of the north, an industry that had for long been dominated by European immigrants.
The victorious north had failed miserably to assimilate the south and usher it into the industrial age. Worse it failed to protect the freed slaves who now looked forward to make their living as free human beings with all due dignity. At first the north seemed genuine in its fight for freedom. In fact General Sherman, with the approval of the War Department, issued a Special Field Order No. 15 on January 16, 1865. The order stated that "the islands of Charleston south, the abandoned rice fields along the rivers for thirty miles back from the sea, and the country bordering St. Johns River, Florida are reserved and set apart for the settlement of Negroes now made free by the acts of war and the proclamation of the President of the United States." Furthermore, Sherman's order specified freedmen would be offered assistance "to enable them to establish a peaceable agricultural settlement." Then president Andrew Johnson in an act of what he hoped reconciliatory pardoned many of the landowners, who of course later pressured him to rescinded all land titles and return the lands to their previous owners. It was also president Johnson who vetoed the Homestead Act of 1862 and every other plan that would help the free slaves raise from their dismal economic status. Even efforts to have congress act failed. So in desperation the free slaves went back to work the fields from which they were liberated from few years back and it was as if the civil war had not been fought at all and half a million men did not give their lives to it.
So what is the conclusion of the civil war? What has the united sate learned from it? the answer to both is nothing. The civil war had again to be fought in the fifties on till the seventies and arguably till today. African Americans are still among the poorest minorities in the country. Plagued by ignorance and every other calamity to befall the people a modern society. They suffer from high rates of alcoholism, drug abuse and HIV. In every city in the nation they live in the most poorly maintained neighborhoods. They are discriminated against on a daily bases and blamed for, freely in secret and deviously in public, the affliction of the country. Still African American of today are in a much better condition then their forefathers. But above all the African American of today realized that in order to lift themselves from their condition they have to fight for themselves and that is a cause for hope.

Gattaca

What make us what we are? What determines our fate, our fortunes in life? What factor or more elevate a Man to the echelon of society while many others have to grovel and suffer at the bottom? Philosophers have pondered the question of self, of what makes us, us, for centuries and the prevailing answer for as long was the divine.
They believed the gods provide humans with abilities and characteristics that set them apart and above other Men. Following that thought to its perhaps inevitable conclusion, some Men are directly descended from the gods. Alexander the great claimed such a relation to justify his sovereignty over his people. He was neither the first nor the last in making such a calim. Roman emperors have made such claims so did their inheritors the Roman Catholics popes who claimed to derive their authority directly from god. So here is one answer to what makes us, us, God. God is the provider of abilities and talents that distinguish one Man from another. That can make a king or queen of one and a beggar of another.
There are inherited fallacies with such a conclusion. History is full of kings and queens who have been cruel and sadistic by the admission of their own people and of others. So when they are at there worst what does that say about the nature of god to have chosen such a representative? Another problem of such a claim is, it eliminate free will. Free will is simply no longer an option, if what I am to become in life has already been predetermined. Another view of the same answer is that god only provides us with the opportunity to become and it is up to the individual to exert the effort to advance in their position. This answer is of course a compromise between free will and fate though it relay heavily on fate. Meaning that there are people who through god, are better equipped to succeed in life then others. By being born to a rich family that can provide an education; or with an above-then-average intelligence; or with physical attributes that are superiors to others.
Then came Darwin and replaced god with nature. Dispelling the notion of divine choice. Man was no longer ‘ a flock of sheep,’ in need of a shepherd telling him what to do. Man is now in possession of free will. He is the maker of his own destiny. Determinism is no longer the explanation of who we are.
Then came along advances in mathematics, chemistry and physics, which led to breakthrough in biology and anthropology, by providing practitioners with the tools to investigate. Slowly the brain is giving up its secrets and so is gene the building block of humans. Not a day goes by when we hear of a new discovered gene that control some aspect of our behavior or strongly influences it. So once again Man is no longer the master of his own destiny and is slowly, once again, approaching the conclusion of determinism.
Before when god was the deciding factor prayer was a way for a favorable attributes in the off spring. Although we are not there yet, soon skill and money would be the guarantee of favorable outcome.
Art has always been under the influence of philosophy following its trends for how long those trends prevail. The Greek thought Man as the ideal creation. So Greek artists for centuries celebrated the idea by carving the most exquisite statues to show off the human form. What the Greek artist did in their time modern artist still do today with more choices of a medium.
Movies can be seen as the culminations of all the arts into one. Providing us with visual presentation as well as a written one. So it comes to no surprise that since its foundation the cinema had been used to discuss philosophical issues, however, often doing so covertly, so as not to offend contemporary laws or tastes. Metropolis and Charlie Chaplin’s movies to name a few are clear examples of movies reflecting the fears and philosophy of their time.
Gattaca is such a movie. Under the guise of science fiction the movie tries to discuss the possibilities of once we arrive at a point when humans are engineered and programmed to what they may become in life. It tries to answer the question of which is stronger Nature or Nurture. Do we choose what to become or are we born with attributes the forces us to what we become.
The movie centers on the life or a young man whose parents have chosen to conceive him naturally without the help of science. The result is a young man with the intellect and ambition unparalleled by his un-tampered with physical attributes. Refusing to let his spirit hampered by his fate the young man takes extreme measures to realize his dream of becoming an astronaut. Armed with his unbound ambition and assuming some one else’s life the young man finally realizes his dream.
The movie touches on a very fundamental question, fate or free will? What are the consequences of either on our morals? While the young man whom the hero of the movie assume his identity was born with all the chances science can provide for success he chooses not to. Choosing instead a life of pleasure, which leads him to an accident that renders him crippled for the rest of his life. Another character is the leader of the project who commits murder and lie when asked if he did it, citing in his defense that he does not have the gene to commit murder.
The movie doesn’t make an argument against determinism but it makes one for free will. Saying in essence that a good gene only provides us with the opportunity to become and it is up to the individual to exert the effort to advance in their position. This answer is again a compromise between free will and fate. Claiming, as with the influence of god, that there are people who through a good gene, are better equipped to succeed in life then others.
On the other hand the movie makes the strong argument that even with good genes behavior cannot be predicted and there is no account to how far humans would push themselves to succeed in life or in whatever enterprise they choose to peruse. Illustrating this final concept with another bout between the naturally born hero and his engineered brother. A rematch of when for the first time the less ordinary, our hero, realizes that with determination he can over comes the ordinary, his engineered brother. A rematch that makes the point of the movie, that without the will to match engineered attributes are not guarantee of success in life.

James Webb

Ever since the dropping of the nuclear bomb on Japan, the question of whether the U.S has been justified in its action or not has been up to debate, with many arguments on both sides of the issue. Although unstated anywhere in the excerpts the author, James Webb, is of the opinion that the U.S was justified in following the only course it had available to it at the time that is dropping the bombs. In not clearly stating his position on the matter the author has committed his first of many fallacies staining the excerpts.
Beginning with the first paragraph one can note the first fallacy the author has committed, that of his windy preamble, with his bit about Albert Einstein. Which can also be read, combined or viewed with the mention of the mayor of Nagasaki’s words, as a weaseler. Einstein’s words and the mayor’s serve no purpose and have no relevance to the argument the author is trying to make. Unless he was attempting by mentioning the mayor’s words, to sow indignation in the reader (assuming they are all Americans) by saying they have been compared to the Nazis.
Another weasler in my opinion is giving the number of casualties after both bombings. Again the numbers are useless facts because they are not even used in comparison to how many the Japanese have killed when they bombed Chinese cites.
The numbers are giving to us in the second paragraph where the author commits other fallacies. The first is “Two wrongs don’t make right.” By insinuating the high casualties from the droppings of the nuclear bombs evens the score since the Japanese have also killed many people with their bombs. The author’s other mistake is his voicing of a popular assumption, “…if Japan had had nuclear weapons, it would have used them.” Without giving facts or reasons of such an assumption.
In the third paragraph the most noticeable is the ‘Proof surrogate,’ fallacy. Giving us the opinions of experts without giving us the number of the experts or their credentials. Not even how they have arrived at their conclusion. More subtle fallacy is the use of words that has an emotive force behind them. “…U.S historians…” as compared to “…some historians…” without giving them a nationality. As if saying no U.S historian would hold to the same opinion. Also his appeal to popular belief by writing “,more U.S historians…” is another fallacy in the same paragraph.
In the fourth paragraph the author commits the fallacy of composition and division. Finding the larger population guilty of the crime committed by the less representative and much smaller Japanese army.
Along with the noted fallacies above the author has also committed perhaps his most noticeable fallacy, innuendo. The whole excerpts is full of it, with at least one in ever paragraph.

Trans-Siberian Railroad

However, though Russia had built the Trans-Siberian Railroad (1891-1904), it still lacked the transportation facilities necessary to reinforce its limited armed forces in Manchuria with sufficient men and supplies. Japan, by contrast, had steadily expanded its army since its war with China in 1894 and by 1904 had gained a marked superiority over Russia in the number of ground troops in the Far East. After Russia reneged in 1903 on an agreement to withdraw its troops from Manchuria, Japan decided it was time to attack.
The war began on Feb. 8, 1904, when the main Japanese fleet launched a surprise attack and siege on the Russian naval squadron at Port Arthur. In March the Japanese landed an army in Korea that quickly overran that country. In May another Japanese army landed on the Liaotung Peninsula, and on May 26 it cut off the Port Arthur garrison from the main body of Russian forces in Manchuria. The Japanese then pushed northward, and the Russian army fell back to Mukden (now Shen-yang) after losing battles at Fu-hsien (June 14) and Liao-yang (August 25), south of Mukden. In October the Russians went back on the offensive with the help of reinforcements received via the Trans-Siberian Railroad, but their attacks proved indecisive owing to poor military leadership.
The Japanese had also settled down to a long siege of Port Arthur after several very costly general assaults on it had failed. The garrison's military leadership proved divided, however, and on Jan. 2, 1905, in a gross act of incompetence and corruption, Port Arthur's Russian commander surrendered the port to the Japanese without consulting his officers and with three months' provisions and adequate supplies of ammunition still in the fortress.
The final battle of the land war was fought at Mukden in late February and early March 1905, between Russian forces totaling 330,000 men and Japanese totaling 270,000. After long and stubborn fighting and heavy casualties on both sides, the Russian commander, General A.N. Kuropatkin, broke off the fighting and withdrew his forces northward from Mukden, which fell into the hands of the Japanese. Losses in this battle were exceptionally heavy, with approximately 89,000 Russian and 71,000 Japanese casualties.
The naval Battle of Tsushima finally gave the Japanese the upper hand in the conflict. The Japanese had been unable to secure the complete command of the sea on which their land campaign depended, and the Russian squadrons at Port Arthur and Vladivostok had remained moderately active. But on May 27-29, 1905, in a battle in the Tsushima Straits, Admiral Togo Heihachiro's main Japanese fleet destroyed the Russian Baltic Fleet, which, commanded by Admiral Z.P. Rozhestvensky, had sailed in October 1904 all the way from the Baltic port of Liepaja to relieve the forces at Port Arthur and at the time of the battle was trying to reach Vladivostok. (See Tsushima, Battle of.) Japan was by this time financially exhausted, but its decisive naval victory at Tsushima, together with increasing internal political unrest throughout Russia, where the war had never been popular, brought the Russian government to the peace table.
President Theodore Roosevelt of the United States served as mediator at the peace conference, which was held at Portsmouth, N.H., U.S. (Aug. 9-Sept. 5, 1905). In the resulting Treaty of Portsmouth, Japan gained control of the Liaotung Peninsula (and Port Arthur) and the South Manchurian railroad (which led to Port Arthur), as well as half of Sakhalin Island. Russia agreed to evacuate southern Manchuria, which was restored to China, and Japan's control of Korea was recognized. Within two months of the treaty's signing, a revolution compelled the Russian tsar Nicholas II to issue the October Manifesto, which was the equivalent of a constitutional charter.
*****
Battle of Tsushima (May 27-29, 1905), naval engagement of the Russo-Japanese War, the final, crushing defeat of the Russian navy in that conflict.
The Japanese had been unable to secure the complete command of the sea because the Russian naval squadrons at Port Arthur and Vladivostok made sorties and both sides suffered losses in the ensuing engagements. Meanwhile, the Russian government decided to send the Baltic Fleet all the way to the Far East under the command of Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhestvensky to link up with the Pacific Squadron at Port Arthur, upon which the combined fleets would overwhelm the Japanese navy. The Russian Baltic Fleet, having spent the whole summer fitting out, sailed from Liepaja on Oct. 15, 1904. Off the Dogger Bank (in the North Sea) on October 21, several Russian ships opened fire on British trawlers in the mistaken belief that they were Japanese torpedo boats, and this incident aroused such anger in England that war was only avoided by the immediate apology and promise of full compensation made by the Russian government. At Nossi-Bé, near Madagascar, Rozhestvensky learned of the surrender of Port Arthur to Japanese forces and proposed returning to Russia; but, expecting naval reinforcements, which had been sent from the Baltic via Suez early in March 1905 and which later joined him at Camranh Bay (Vietnam), he decided to proceed. His full fleet amounted to a formidable armada, but many of the ships were old and unserviceable and their crews were poorly trained. Early in May the fleet reached the China Sea, and Rozhestvensky made for Vladivostok via the Tsushima Strait. Admiral Togo Heihachiro's fleet lay in wait for him on the south Korean coast near Pusan, and on May 27, as the Russian Fleet approached, he attacked. The Japanese ships were superior in speed and armament, and, in the course of the two-day battle, two-thirds of the Russian Fleet was sunk, six ships were captured, four reached Vladivostok, and six took refuge in neutral ports. It was a dramatic and decisive defeat; after a voyage lasting seven months and when within a few hundred miles of its destination, the Baltic Fleet was shattered, and, with it, Russia's hope of regaining mastery of the sea was crushed.
*****
Treaty of Portsmouth, (Sept. 5 [Aug. 23, Old Style], 1905), peace settlement signed at Kittery, Maine, U.S., ending the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. According to the terms of the treaty, which was mediated by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, the defeated Russians recognized Japan as the dominant power in Korea and turned over their leases of Port Arthur and the Liaotung Peninsula, as well as the southern half of Sakhalin Island, to Japan. Both powers agreed to restore Manchuria to

Kenkyūkai

Marxism was first introduced in Japan in October 18, 1898, through the intellectual study society; a small group of Westernized intellectuals held the first meeting of the Shakaishugi Kenkyūkai (The Association for the Study of Socialism) at the Tokyo Unitarian Church. Although most of the founders considered themselves Christian socialist, the association was open to any intesetd party. The first phase of the socialist movement of the late Meiji period was marked by relative moderation and strong support for paraliametrism. The dominant force was Christian humanism , which did much to set the tone of the early Japanese socialist thought. At the general conventioin of the minuscule Japa Socliast Party (Nihon Shakatio) in mid-February 1907, the deep didvision within the momvent was clearly displayed. When Kotoku Denjiro emphises the the casue of “ direct action” was deafted by two votes, with a compromise resolution passing. The “moderates” who called for full-fledged esouosla of parliamentarism and complete rejection of the direct action. This dispute between the social democrats and the anarchists continued , with the left gaining increasing influence and further isolation of the socialist from the mainstream of the Japanese life; the Case of the Great Treason of 1910, when the anarchists had finally moved from words to action, with a failed plot to assassinate the Emperor Meiji, however as result twelve Japanese radicals , including Kotouko Denjiro, were punished, and the socialist party was virtually silenced. during World War I, few individuals like Arahata Kanson, Osugi Sakae, Sakai Toshihiko, and Yamakawa Hitoshi, kept the socialist movement active, but the tone of was still anarcho-syndicalist, reflective of the earlier one. It was at this time Japan had shifted from an agrarian society to predominantly industrial commercial society instead; this resulted in the first generation of labor class, with peasants serving as the recruits.
In 1917 the Bloshevik Revolution provided a new source of stimulus for the Japanese left. This borught an agina verent of the earlier Communist momvent, Nosaka Sanzo who served as perfect example of the time. Nosaka grew up in a totally bouregeois atmosphere and was able to attend Keio univesrty a generally conciedrd an upper class school, it was there that he became interested in labor movment, manily through his professor Horie Kiichi, in fact he wrote his senior thesis on the Yuaikai ( Friendly Society), which also the name of then the Moderate Japanese labor organization lead by Suzuki Bunji. Nosaka started as social reformer in labor and politcies, eventually he worked in the editorship of the Rodo Oyobi Sangyo (Labor and Industry), the union journal. His first contact with Marxism came in 1919 after reading the Communist Manifesto that Koizumi Shinzo brought back from the west. He joind the Britich Communist party in 1920 and attended the first congress as a delegate from the London district. Within years young intellectuals who kept moving into the labor movements during this time; came to the Yuaikai headquarters directly after thire grduation from universities such as Waseda, or Tokyo, and they had rarely been involved in physical labor. These students in the Yuaikai were sampling a doctrine more left in nature to what was made by their senior mentors. in addition a student adherent the Maxsit thought by the name of Katayama Sen; Katayama who had been prisond for five moths in support of the Tokyo streetcar strike for and wrote of the mistreatment he met in prison
, he left japan on August 31, 1914, he also discovered that his movement was under the surveillance of the Japanese police. Katayama contact with Ruggers, one of the earlist Marxist- Leninsts, proved benifcial; because of this Katayama was able to meet a goroup of Russian revolutinares living in exile New York. There he met Trotsky, Bukharin, Madame Kollontai, along with others. Within short time Katayama was the leading Asian Communist of the world, he established an Association of Japanese Socialists in America, and also helped in the unification of the American Communist Party, and undertook the Comintern mission to Mexico. There after he went to Moscow to serve as chairman of the Far Eastern People’s Congress.
Eventually The Japanese Communist Party was founded on July 15, 1922, in the midst of the popular liberation struggle surging in Japan at the time, and it was dissolved in 1924 as its leader, Yamakawa Hitochi, concluded that the situation is in need for more education and preparation, and mass demonstration instead of plotting by small group, the party was reconstituted in 1925, but that year the apparatus of state suppression had been strengthened by the Peace Preservation Law. Consequently the party’s activities were limited to conspirational work by a small and dedicated minority. It was at this time the leadership came from a group intellectuals led by Fukumoto Kazuo.
Radical student found this new challenge from the government, rather stimulating, also these actions brought their organization under official suspicion. For sometime the Tanaka government was surprisingly tolerate toward the student-organized disorder , but in March 1928 more police sweeps brought and end to student agitation and to the Shinjinkai itself.
The intellect of the national and international emergency that charatireesed nationalism in the Kokitai, was met by the conversion of the left, tenko , or apostasy which allowed radicals from the left back into the main stream. During the 1920’s subjects or Marxist study, had become popular answer for social study and plotical economy. However State officials were alarmed by the tenko , and went on bigger scale of arrest done by the police, that resulted in large apprehensions actual and suspected radical alike in March 1928 . these arrests effected the labor momvents and diminished the “underground Communist Party”, most of these arrest pracuters found , that the young people leading the torubel were indeed from a well to do family , with great intelligent. During 1933 Sano Manabu , who joind Yoshino Sakuzo’s Shinjinkaias a student in Tokoyo Impreial University and evntully became leader in the Japan Communist Party, he also was arrested in Shanghai in 1929, with Sakuzo also Nabeyama Sadachika, also a member of the party’s Central Committee. Both men announce thire defection from the Communist Party; and withdrew thire oppostion to the events in Manchuria, and followed by mentioning that “self-rule” in Korea and Taiwan was necessary. More importantly Sakuzo, and Nabeyama went on to say that the emperor system is an obstacle to institutional reform in Japan.
The defections of Sakuzo and Nabeyama, affected those detained in police custody, and as result a mass apostasy went on action. Within 45 percent of those not yet convicted 614 out 1370, and 34 percent (133 out of 393) and those who had been convicted of radicalism or radical activities. Became defected as well in three years 74 percent (324 out of 438) announced that they also returned to the “fold”.
Several accounts of theses trails were recorded from a diverse interest, for example psychologist, on the interrogation side, the interrogators them selves were warned to evade any type of arguments or resistance that could in effect provoke the detainee; for the fact that most of the radicals were relatively young. instead every effort was made to make these radicals to “return” to the core Japans values. A manual was designed to guide the interrogators, for example the interrogators were encouraged to provide the prisoners with bowl of chicken and egg on rice, this meal to resemble a “parent-child” relationship. Police men also were caution not mention ideology, instead they should offer a reminder the “your mother is worried about you” type of attitudes; and never to mention the father in the interrogation, for that might trigger a sense of defiance of authority.
The defection of Sakuzo, and Nabeyama brought satisfainying result to the authority, however it created a complicated dilemma a complicated problem, it became hard to decide which suspects to prosecute and which to let go. These who were resealed would sometimes would join the communist party or commit “offensive thought”, this in turn made the procurators

Mars and Venus

The progress of science and spread of industrialization among the wealthy self-governing nations, aside from bettering the quality of life, helped in part to flush out the social inequalities that had prevailed for so long. Efficiency is key to any successful industry. Meaning for any manufacturer they have to produce products of quality better or at the least in bar with all other similar or substitute products. While at the same time producing at least-cost so to turn in a profit. To any industry there are few options available to produce cheaply. They can control the resources going in to make the product. Using lower quality or fewer numbers of resources. However a more efficient way of producing cheaply is by simply using cheap labor. Especially when the process of manufacturing is straightforward and does not require individualistic touches. To put a string on a shoe or a label on a can does not require much thought or deliberation. Anyone can do it, it does not require specialization. That was precisely what the owners of the industry figured out.
The acquisition of many farmlands for use of factories freed a large portion of the population to work in manufacturing. Also the conflicts raging in and the industrialization of Europe had sent many flocking to the U.S. Like their counterpart former farmers in the U.S, many of the immigrants were poor and unskilled. Leaving them with no choice to earn a living except in manufacturing. A new class emerged a working class of men and women and before it was checked and outlawed, of children. This working class produced what a minority of the population could afford to buy. More then often laboring under conditions that was abhorrent by any standard of judgment. They worked long hours, sixty or a little more then that a week, more often every day. They worked in facilities that were only suitable for the unfeeling product they produced. The list of injustices and sickening conditions under which they labored is long and at the time it must have seemed to the workers they would never be rid of them. But also a product (perhaps) of a wealthy freethinking society is the emergence of individuals who recognize injustices and try their best to correct them. Often these individuals seek others who are of the same mind and convictions. Or perhaps succeed in converting the indifferent or ignorant to sympathizers to their cause and together they form unions and pressure groups. At the beginning perhaps the different unions and groups have tried to appeal to the 'noblesse oblige' of the owners. However when such an appeal to pity and justice does not produce any long lasting, as unfortunately it often does not, they took the legal recourse.
Laws to better the working conditions in the industrial sector did not pass without hindrance. A prevailing attitude of the time was effort equaled to wealth or at least to moderate economic comfort. Which is perhaps true to some extent and in some instances. Aside from that there was the constitution and the article of contract and also the economic philosophy of laissez-faire, which warns the government from interfering with the free flow of commerce. Which perhaps explains why many lawmakers were recusant to any idea of reform. Recognizing that any such law would have to be policed in order to be effective and therefore it would conflict with the article of contract and laissez-faire.
But also a product of the time was that a large number of women and children were available and willing to work. When the concerned parties for the well being of the industrial workers failed to produce a law limiting the amount of hours for all workers, they sought and succeeded in passing one for women and children. By pointing out that long working hours were detriment to the health of children and the future and current mothers of the race. Especially when many of the jobs women and children were involved in required them to be working while standing. These laws were passed between the years of 1840 and 1850 and at the time were seldom enforced in the few states where they existed. Later amendments to the laws however rectified that.
But what of men workers? A larger workforce then women and more specialized they favored change through union actions. Those few who worked in an industry alongside of female were also not left out since when a law changes the condition of their female co-workers it automatically changes theirs. That was what many reformers had intended. By changing the conditions of women they are able to change the overall condition of the workplace. They simply used women as their appeal for change. In doing so they had to claim there was a major difference between men and women workers. They had to agree to, and maybe they even believed, that because women were weaker then men, they needed laws to protect them. That was the contention of the so-called Brandeis' brief. These laws though at the time worked proved to be a hindrance to many future attempts for women progress. Especially when just saying women were weaker then men was not enough.
Before the Brandeis brief reformers received a major set back to the hour-limit law. It was because of the Ritchie v. People case of 1895 that the Illinois Supreme Court delivered their blow. Interpreting the 14th amendment the court held to the opinion that an hour-limit law for women was class classifying them, therefore discriminatory and therefore illegal. The court wanted the people's lawyer to show that it was reasonable for an hour-limit law for women. Instead of using the court's decision in future cases for their benefit and try and find other reasons for an hour-limit law, future litigation wanted to provide the courts with their coveted reasons. The Brandeis brief delivered. It provided lawmakers with a detailed account of why an hour-limit law was important for women. Before it was the lawmakers opinions and beliefs unsupported by evidence, as they were though mostly also based on opinions and not facts, until the brief. It was the ammunition with which they fired whenever challenged to give women the same status as men under the law.
Another fight that had used women's suffrage as the basis for its claim was the fight for minimum wage. Again reformers instead of trying convincing men dominated industry and union of the validity of their claim they thought of acting on their behalf. However not by failing a claim on behalf of all workers men and women but again using women as the conduit for change. Citing again that women were the weaker sex and therefore needed protection. In 1920 however things changed.
During that year the amendment allowing women to vote was finally rectified. Giving women right groups a very powerful with which to bargain. Less was the effort for change through litigation then through influencing congress to act. Taking however the venues of fights from the courtrooms to the street. Instead of lawyers arguing against each other with the judge as mediator in waiting to be persuaded, social right groups vied with each other to influence politician for support. Some groups still held to the opinions of old. That the bases for intervention were not a general health issues but that of women suffrage. Fortunately they eventually lost.
Perhaps finally understanding the power of the union in influencing public policy the social rights advocates started pressuring the true law makers as intended by the constitution, the politicians. The 1930 saw the advancement of the many social solution proposed by the women right groups and male unions. It saw the birth of the social security program. It saw the establishment of a minimum wage, which passed unchallenged by judges afraid of the newly elected president's promise of reform. The changes during the 1930 proved right reformers who advocated reform for both sexes. As if to further proof their policy of action the hour-limit back fired on the reformers who adopted women suffrage as their bases of change. Hour-limit laws disqualified women from overtime and promotion.
The fight for social right is worthy cause that merits the efforts to gain them. Perhaps that is why reformers who used women suffrage as their line of action may be forgiven the harms they had not intended nor could have foreseen.




















Topic # 2
Sultan Altemimi

The Mouse and Mouse before

There is a story of a group of mice’s whom all had their own portions of lands,
The mice lived and ate and played as they wished in the hours of day and night

One night a dog came about, to dig into the mice land, mices wondered around the dog as it dug deep, and deep…..
The mice did not ask the dog what deal he is about,
The dog put a smile and left mices, and promised to come back with gift, not to all
The dog left on these words, the mice wondered, and puzzled for while, but returned to sleep for it was far to late.

In a swiftly cold night, dark brown mouse of the east appeard near dawn near the village , ridding on the back of a mouse of the same group as his, with the this dark brown mouse of the east came also riding, the un-talented bird of the center, together they came on the land of mice , and woke everyone in the village with noisy screeches and sounds,
and asked for the white mouse that ruled the mice, “ we don’t Carrie such thing”one mouse replied, “whit mouse is just a name, he come time to time but never stays”, for the white mouse is not from here you see, white mouse comes from farther lands to the north”
Dark brown mouse of the east laughed loud, and said “news could not be grater then this, for I am now the mouse leader to this clan,” “clan we are not O east mouse” replied a ragged mouse from the back “
“O great mouse”…I shall like this name, from now all you mice shall call me as thus
Un talented bird replied, I conquer o grate one , for now you secure my right onto this land and grant me what I never had, a voice I shall sing , and heal a broken wing of mine, east mouse replied I declare myself one and only on this land
”wait” ragged mouse from the back said, for we had no one telling us mouses what to do,
“For now you either follow me or trapped between me and the sea”

The strode back dog from the north came back as it had told before, and said “now look O great mouse from the east, I shall not tell you what to do here, or there, within this mere land of yours , for land matter not to me no more, but within these lands my needs are buried, I shall however, the these mice are treaatd I don’t care, that where I had dug before I need my

good sleep street sleep

@ tha moives

Gone with the Wind is a movie based on the novel by Margaret Mitchell. Produced in 1939 it started Clark Gable as Rhett Butler and Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara. The movies follow the lives of its two heroes against the backdrop of the civil war era including what life was before and during the reconstruction period.

It is an excellent movie that had own many awards and was a hit in the box office. From historical perspective however the movie falls short of giving a full picture of the civil war era and the reconstruction period, particularly to the lives of the slaves. The movie however does show the horror of the civil war and the devastation of the south. It also mentions thought not as much as it had about the carpetbaggers the unchanging lives of the freed slaves. So in the main the movie is about the lives of the slave owners and how much they had suffered after they have enjoyed for so long.
With little mention of the slaves who are showed as typically submissive, slow and greedily vindictive when it came to wanting their rights. Failing to show a single good black person other then the nanny, who’s motives for staying were never fully explained.

Another movie that has dealt with the civil war era is Glory. It was 1989 production starting Matthew Broderick, Denzel Washington and Morgan Freeman. Like Gone With the Wind, Glory was also a product of its time. In that it tried to be balanced in its presentation. The movie primarily evolved around the lives of the freed slaves who constituted the first all-black volunteer union company and their white commander. I thought the movie was truthful and honest in its presentation. Showing the good and the bad on both sides. Showing the southerners who fought not to maintain slavery but for an independent state in which they believed. At the same time it showed how the rage of freed slaves in other regiment was exploited to drive terror in the hearts of the south. In all it was better representative then many of its predecessors of the civil war era.

protect land said man then signed in the air.,

from my kind and from other kinds he said protect them .
where do you come from,
where in your life did you learn to blame?

claim after claim about the same game
you don’t exist in human form
you exist in beast form that’s all
a beast devours what beast devoured your soul
there no place on the planet to carry you no more
you at last became what you've dreamed about,
yes your that bad as you are ,
don’t realize, many years you’ve seen reflication
you become what you wanted to be,
in fact all came to be what they wanted to be
just you , walk talk look, like you
happiness is now foregone never will it come to be
this land no more as it was before

To be from this land
To be a part of what their not
Speak their tongs you do
Speak to their mind you wont, you don’t
Full of symbolisms they prefer
Full of bullshit they prefer,
True emptiness in what is ever left
In the body, in the should in the mind
Hunger and starvation for bling
Chasing and foaming for Cash
No where to go but to the past
Noting genuine here
Nothing lasts

You write or type about the subjects
Come from a place with whimsical life
Come from away family
Come from your mouth what you don’t believe
Come from your mind what you cant apprehend

Leave what you don’t, about please
Go back to where you come from with this.
Keep it to thee self please.
Don’t for, few claps; sell what’s left in soul
What you do impress west nor east
For these, impressions but few seconds
Go back to where you come.,
Please stay calm and choose what you like
Leave what you don’t know about,
A father beating a mother weeping,
A Bus into the oblivion it went.
Claim the text made the man.
Not true for the text is just
You and all please leave these text to be
For centuries proved to be
What you and the other cant foresee
Nor ever will understand

O friend of mine would be quite
O friend of mine away you go,
For us to be friends matters no more
No more then a poster of an AD on the wall
A Wall by the subway for a second or so
An Ad to remind us of what we had

First arabic writing since 6 years good luck

وجميع البلاد التي علي هذا الخط لا عرض لها البتة، والقطبان غير مرتبين فيها ، ويكونان هناك علي داءرة الافق من الخابنين . وكلما بعد موضع بلد عن هذا الخط إلى ناحية الشمال قدر درجة، ارتفع القطب الشمالي الذي هو الجدي على أهل ذلك البلد درجة، وانخفض القطب الجنوبي الذي هو سهيل درجة، وهكذا ما زاد.

I was watching a video Pagan poetry, Bjork, I cant put the thing on ‘O’, anyhow, the video depicted Bojork in the usually bjork act, and then inserted what is looks like needles into her body, in her back.

I used to rembre when I used to do something similar, back when I was young kid, maybe 12 or 13 years old I think even younger, I used put sewing needle into the thin skin that covers my hand, I cam here and I watched young and old, American whits, doing so except in all shape of sharp edge metals and in all different parts of their body, you would know when you see it, while on the beach all is too clear, you can actually see tinges shine on people’s bodies, in a country that idolizes symbolism, no these bodys don’t look heavenly bodies, they look more like abused bodies at the least.

Bjork might me right on a thing, Pagan see this piercing did originate from the ancient times, not clear on the Asians piercing but someone long time ago had to start this practice that indeed went far, you see regardless off religion , human body can and actually does

Circumcised since babyhood, I think for me this enough skin giving or skin anything; I think this real hard core maybe ancient practice according to some

Yes friend we go now
no friend we shall nor go or stay,
yes friend I want to be in the company of yours
no friend I no longer be wanted with you,
yes friend lets grab a drink,
no friend lets not be drinking,
Yes friend I want/need your help,
no thanks friend no help no need,
Yes friend I am not ok
no friend am rightfully ok,
yes friend leave me alone,
no friend don’t leave alone,
Yes to yes on anything friend,
no to yes on anything friend,
yes friend are enemy we be,
no close to an inch we shall be
yes I don’t want no more ,
No I don’t want to be with you no more,
Yes when they are here you should not be,
No when you are here they cant be here.

When I am stuck I want you all your help,
when you are stuck I don’t want to be part help,
I want you away, yet I want near,

2

To leave to depart
to leave without regret,
to be a part of different parts,
to just and readjust,
to look onto another side,
to disown what was acquired
to not say goodbye
to liquefy,
to cease to exist
to feel unfeeling

To not look once
to look once
to not be part of all them
to release
to not question no more
no one
to depart forever
to depart to never
to just go away,

talk allot

Where do we stand, I was wondering for a while, but I never thought to write something about it, that is to be a national or a religious or national- religious, in that order national and then religious.

we grew in society that its riches just became internationalized, before then no one, heck anyone non muslim at least knew about that place, our parents grew with these traditions that has been passed to them from their parents, and of course their parents knew of else in the world except to find ends meet.
Sometimes ends meet requires heading north, and leave what their home, for a new one up north.
Wherever they came from (grand parents) for us it was never clear, and questions always were met with no answers, who we are, what we are. This all comes in the midst of national reforms, in class a guy enters the class rooms and asks who is a saudi stand up, who is not just remain sit, I stood for both calls, I went to my father and asked which are we and he just laughed this is something unique about growing up saudi, its in way a big joke. Ambiguous rules that applies to neither party in a game, to the audience it punishment, I came here and I found no difference, I talk to white people here and see how they pretend what their four father had had created for them.

I was reading a comment by a I would assume a white male, about the recently free jill carol, and how he was making fun, of how she was wearing head scarf, and looking terrorist, and he goes on, and the bottom saying stuff like she might have loved the kidnaper and so on, and how she might hate white males who talk about equality for women, and women rights and all that, he is right on one part perhaps two, they just talk and talk allot.

becum

I was chatting with a friend, earlier today, I always had the impression that things might had changed but is seems hope is nowhere near what realty is.
Family values did not necessarily plummet, cant remember when it was on healthy bases, it seems that fucking is becoming what more able people used to do, only more now its spread, where are you heading? And for how long? Who would want to take the lead of the direction of the intercourse, where is the desired destinations campus pointing to.
When religious phonies will be satisfied, people do seem to understand its just that they wont comply with more stricter rules, its always been the same problem, they cant seem to look like the people you would want to be around when they preach, with dangling bellies, and half trimmed beard black and shiny, their smile indicated good health and elusive punishment,
They both groups understand that both like the same thing, both know what the other likes and do, only difference is one is armed and one is not,
In here they choose to ignore, ignore that fact of their impotence, here the just bullshit, all the time, they know their weak they know they as human are gone far, here it is a big Inc
, and people meet fuck eat together on different lunch breaks , they claim freedom, but salves they are eversince that strayed foot landed, its caught just like those , on streets over nights and day. 3abeed not for many for one, one that has a belly, eats from mouth, and shits and they eat where he shits.

American Identity last

. However such practices of cruel vengeance was not enough. By the war’s end, the Algonquian population in New England had been drastically and permanently reduce (Lepore 43). Of those who escaped such fate a worse one, it might be argued, awaited them. After certain battles “Captives,” Lepore writes “were almost surely sold into foreign slavery or, if children, placed into service with an English family” (135). Contrasting radically with the terms of captivity the Indian held to, for “English people owned themselves; Indians did not.” Says Lepore (135). Yet another fate waited those who survived captivity or death.
The Indians were driven to, what I perceive as the forefather to concentration camps, so called Deer Island where Lepore writes “the hundreds of Indians on the small island had few resources with which to feed and shelter themselves for the winter, and the provisions they received were inadequate” (139). And further write, “Those Indians who tried to escape from Deer Island could be killed, while others were illegally taken from the island and sold as slaves” (139).
I think more then anything fear had aided greatly in shaping the American character. In all its endeavors I think the United State was compelled by fear and carried out by extreme pragmatism. As their settlers forefathers American of the twentieth century illustrate this point in almost all their dealings with any threat, real or imagined, to their authority. The tormenting hearings of senator McCarthy, the mob lynching of African-Americans and abhorrent treatments they suffered during the civil rights era; and the most extreme of all reaction the dropping of the nuclear bomb on Japan. “Terminate with extreme prejudice.”
I have heard the sentence uttered time and again on TV and in print by presidents and military leaders, of past and present and I think it sums up how American react and why they are driven to have the best of things then the other party. Whoever that other party is. Like the colonist who strove to protect themselves by any means so are contemporary Americans acting in the same deplorable way they say they are fighting. So I guess in the end it is true. The weapons change but the words and the sentiments behind them stays the same.

American Identity part 4

The settlers saw the Indian and feared their fate. They wondered in earnest if they would degenerate to the ostensible savagery of the Indians. From the time of their first arrival, in the 1620 and 1630, the settlers had worried about losing their Englishness (Lepore 5). The colonists had asked themselves a question concerning the origin of the natives. If they were in fact natives then their savagery is explained. “But if the Indians were migrants from Europe or Asia, then they had changed since coming to America and had been contaminated by its savage environment. If this were the case, as many believed, then the English could expect to degenerate, too.” Wrote Lepore (6). The settlers also feared losing their lands and their houses. In fact as Lepore further writes “For most colonists the loss of habitations became the central crisis of the war” (77)
This seemingly prominent culture of fear the United state had come of age into explains the tendencies toward the extreme and viciousness of reaction when feeling threatened or when responding to an attack. In that they passed what Lepore call “Colonists vigilante justice” (138). As one of its practices any Christian Indian wishing to return to the English had to supply severed body parts of slain enemy Indians. As was done by James Painter, a Nipmuck Christian Indian, who when amnesty was presented, surrendered himself to the English settlers “ Bringing with him, as required by special instruction, the heads of two enemy Indians-testaments of his fidelity.” Lepore wrote

American Identity part 3

King Philip’s war took place during the year 1675 and lasted tell about the middle of 1676. At its end, as Lepore writes, “ Houses have been burned, children murdered, men beheaded. Hatred has accumulated.” (3).
It was a savage conflict where both sides were given to bloodlust. Both sides pursued the war with viciousness, and almost without mercy (Lepore 7). But here I am not concern about the behavior of the native, as much as it might be abhorrent to me, but I am with the English settler’s. For they have professed themselves better then the native in all way in particularly moral values. It was these same moral values that had justified to the English settlers their barbarous actions during the conflict. Moreover it was not just arrogance that had compelled them, fear had also played a part. What the settlers feared the most was their environment.
Especially when it seemed to have had conspired against them. “When the corn didn’t grow, when the weather turned wild, when the wolves howled, when the Indians laughed at God, these are the times when the colonists might have wondered, What are we doing here? Discouraged and afraid, thousands of colonists simply left- as many as one in six sailed home to England in the 1630 and 1640, eager to return to a world they knew and understood (Lepore 5). However those who stayed soon got over their many concern, as Lepore writes. “…those who stayed eventually learned to grow corn, predict the weather, shoot wolves, and ignore Indian blasphemies” (5). Though they were able to ignore “Indian blasphemies” they were not able to ignore the Indians living at their doorstep.

American Identity part 2

War, ethnic background, location and time all without a doubt have had a role in the formation of the American identity. However it was in my opinion a set of shared values that has most influenced the formation of the American identity. On studying the history of the united state one get a sense of deep-rooted sense of arrogance that was common among all the colonists.
A strong held belief that they were better then their follows; in all aspect of life, religion, education, economics and government. All colonists believed themselves better then the native with whom they shared the land. They looked down upon the native as savages and themselves as their saviors. The Spanish were cruel, the French sly and the English civil, in their efforts. No one would contest the cruelty of the Spanish or the underhanded dealings of the French (except maybe the people of the two nations) but many would the so-called English civility.
It is in examining the English settlers dealings with the native in particular their behavior in the events of King Philip’s war that one see how arrogance played a role in defining the American identity. There is however another factor, which I also believe, helped in defining the American identity, fear. From its beginning America was shaped by fear real and imagined. Combined with arrogance it was a strong force. King Philip’s war illustrates this perfectly.

party seris II

he told him "Your a Saudi you people dont drink? and I can see that you are doing it  excessively, how is that when we hear about islam and all that?"

 he replayed "I think I can give you some points on probably why, how, what, where, it might the drinking start. I can’t tell these as a facts, nor as a true explanation to Saudi drinking in general, at the end it always depends on the individual’s preference some actually don’t do alcohol but prefer pot for example which is sill considered haram (our word for forbidden"
 he told him these are not genetics like you guys tend to blame things, how come its always about race in here anyway ? nor religious reasons would is a factor, "I’ve seen both people with same gene codes as I am, and I’ve seen and met and befriended both, so the answer is no."

you have to understand that we are or we were a very private secluded people,  yet in the same time we want to get exposed to everything and try everything counterdetcing ? it is and maybe it should.

In the present of, or around our own kind, and by kind the I mean same city,tribe, or same school back home school, could be State school too, mainly males.
the fact is this, we dont because we want to be able to do it when actually can not!
this is normal for most of those who adhere to islam.
I can imagaine them going throguh the same thought process.

there was a joke circling around most desi people,
the joke goes like this, a drunk man goes into a resturant, whith two woman by his side, he sits down and order food, the food comes in and he asks the waiter is it Halal?

party series

Students do drink do party, do pretty much what any international student would do when invited to a 'party'. most of saudi student atleast those I met,  would fall into two or more categories.
this is about the two main ones, normally males, fall between the ages of 18-39,
in this case students from the ages of 18 to say 23 been the younger and anything above is the older.
Then there is the group whom are on Gov backed scholarships. and then there are those who their parents pay for their expense. the idea of a saudi student on his own expenses does not exist, not in my knowledge anyway. there is a small group of students who get to pay their own expenses for school and pretty much everything else. Through their own savings but they are indeed few, and normally they fall in the older category in their thirties or late twenties.

Female student also do party as well, but the nature of these female student is almost always elusive, meaning their family background, and so forth are not always clear.

INTERANTIONL/ MIDWEST STUDENT

Past day I went to a friends of mine’s international gathering party “thing”, as usual it had utmost similarity to all parties of that sort, drinks flowing (normally Beer), girls hanging around mostly sober, boys trying to hook-up with sober girls, normally the boys are drinking and the ones mostly dancing.

I figured this party for internationals in this state has never changed since time I’ve been to one the first time a landed here, that it”.
these parties almost always involve one or more of the, international student parties normally fall into either a “picnic” on the abundant grass fields of the country side, following with an activity normally volley ball, football, etc, and as usual drinks are always soft, smoking is no no. This particular night party at some guy’s home, in a forsaken neighborhood was something normal although, depending on who is making the efforts to do bring everyone, so if the party group responsible of bring everyone tonight are Latinos then the music is either gypsy kings etc I think and fast beat music will do, Samba tunes for the Brazilians, and tequila, for drinks, and Nacho for food…not always, some times there is no food at all. The company is as always guys who ask “where you from”, although normally they just approach you in Spanish. And then you would have to say something that implies that “I don’t speak Spanish”; sometimes this is the end of this chat, the person just walk away shouting something in their own language.

However new this time is this, students form India in particular, sometimes from Africa as well, are partying hard in Indian standard, that’s not to say they don’t, the do but if they did maybe few know about them, and these are their own people, not “outsiders”. here is the catch, I’ve hang around student from India, Africa, Saudi, Kuwait, Japan, China, Latin Americas (no one from Peru though), and I noticed mostly , very sober students, focused, good sense of humor sometimes totally just boring, post-incident, attitudes ; also all stereotypical aspects of schools and after schools plans and accents still float. But there is something new the excessive drinking in usually non-drinking students.

American Identity

It is a difficult task I believe to try and pinpoint the most predominate factors in shaping and molding the American identity. For from its beginning and throughout every period of its conception the united state had been a mural of different cultures, values and people. Unlike the Romans or the Greek before them who were made of cohesively connected people, in that they were all Greek or all Romans. In the united state no such factor existed.
Colonies established by the Spanish were loyal to Spain and held to Spanish values. Similarly those colonies established by Britain or Holland swore their allegiance to their respective countries. It was perhaps not until the revolution that such boundaries were demolished allowing the free exchange of ideas and values. Allowing a citizen to move form one city to another without having to worry about changing sides since now everyone was on the same side. Such exchange of location brought with it exchanges in values and culture. Still however the people remained different.
Of different ethnic background and of possessing different sets of beliefs, which is where the difficulty lies. Were those of British decent more influential in shaping the identity of the U.S or was it a different ethnic group? Was it perhaps the efforts of individuals that had contributed the most as might be suggested by the founding fathers? However even an individual had to have been influenced by the ethnic group that had sprang him.
If so was it the people then who were most influential in shaping of the American identity. To assume so does not take into account the nature of the land, a great expanse of it uncharted and occupied by indomitable or not yet pacified natives. Or take account of the time, which was one of great turmoil. War was common, with the natives or among the colonizing countries of the time. So was it war and conflict that had most influenced the formation of the American identity? But even war had to have been influenced.

To school and job or to school and sport,

I was chatting with a friend of mine, she mentioned something about her self and how she used to be in her swimming team back when she was at school, I would assume it was middle school or probably high school, either case, she said something about dropping from the swimming altogether because her parents feared that she might be too into the sport, that it will consume all of her time, therefore she wont be able to study and so on.

I told her well I understand that part, I come from pretty much the kind of social environment, in which the two options has to be either to become a doctor or and an engineer, nothing less to be expected,
I wondered about back when I was home, how the finals really were in everyone’s mind, in the whole family and the outside family and friends of both families, meaning even the people who know your parents, and knew you through your parents, and knew you because of your last name coincides with your family, rest assures, local Saudi papers will carry the final results, almost every high school in the region is here, and your name had to be there, or pray it’s on.

To become a doctor, is certainly cool thing, maybe, but here with all their lawsuits of medical malpractice, perhaps not, what I wondered about was why is it that parents who normally not doctors as well, felt that their children had to carry on, their legacy with a medical degree, a degree in medical is not hard, its long and boring, and it been a science major, science in your mind had to be strong, I knew doctors relatives of mine, in knew doctors good and bad ones, almost all of them, including the ones on TV documentaries seemed that they are init for the money

Today was my first time checking this new feature out for computers; the internet there were the usual faces around a computer screen, normally y guys young guys, clicking and typing, the feeling is filmier what’s not however is what is happing on the screen, online gaming, chatting world wide, hence I thought world wide web, perhaps was driven from there,

What exactly going on here?

I got a hint from a friend of mine, "A big freaking Party is taking place,tonight" at undisclosed location in southern part of town; again I met the whole crap by a crappy answer , that he expected , and replied girls, "lebanny ones", “what..? no way” I said, you better believe me, cuz by the time I go tonight am doing all of them, “the guys you mean”, "hell no", well we will see, is that mean you in? , "yeah why not".I never actually went to these kind of parties, campus one in private condos and such,“so yeah why not”. "Ok pick you up at 11, ok?". OK

we drove far, more then usual, honestly, I never thought anything other then what I knew of this area (mainly promiscuous commerce business), anything you want to buy you actually might find over here, so I figured where would a "nice" party be in this place we were going to, well my thoughts were interrupted, street check-points was in action right in front of the leading road where we were heading, the skinny Cop/traffic officer, Green skinny, and ill temperd, scanned the car very fast with his lazy eye,and for the record it was a nice car, very nice, nice in a way that you wouldnt think whos riding would be anything less. And you’d think this might get us a quick pass, No.

Our Freind Testosterone Radishkun...hello

Went to Organic food market one time, for me this seems the best saleable idea, and personally believe that the marketing behind such thing is am amazing thing, well the organic subject is controversial one by it self, I mean what is organic and what is not, in fact what does mean to have an organic food to begin with ?.
human kind eats almost everything single thing on the planet, and yes this include fire, Earth, Air, and Water, now however people are looking within what they had and have, and think by sorting it, food will look better or sound better, fair I think but not original

Our friend Radish-Kun, he is also annoyed about, hormones injected into animals and vegetables, he is personally upset or the fact he was injected with the wrong hormone.

EGYPTO

Last night I did a funny thing, it is been a real while eversince I chatted or used the messenger services by either yahoo, or MSN, needless to say, am just not into these things anymore. But here’s what I did I added something like 200 names into my list, I modified the last in which all of them would be added in the same time you add something something number of contacts, a message will be sent to notify them or something,.and the fun began , these young Egyptian kids started asking in broken English who are you, and kept answering with stupid rhetoric all the time just to keep them guessing , but I did noticed a coming back trend, they do curse allot, I thought in this day and age the language would’ve been turned down, “civilized”…no

It seems that communication technology, in chatting and video whatever. Did in fact advance fast and, still improving. But what about he persons behind the chatting screens, on the keyboards, what type of people are we really type communicating with?.when in Miami one time, seeing all types of personalities, in the Epcot Center, sometime in 96, I think around October or so, in the center they set computer booths, with online chatting ,and gaming type of stuff, you just star playing or type and the computer start responding and so forth. the person on the other side of the seemed to be cursing way many times, I didn’t know which to do first “chat” first or answer claims on my Ass?.

Its ten years after, and the insulting still growing, I mean is that really why we chat for?, just to see how much people we can get to degrade, voice chatting on yahoo is even worse webcam super worse, who are these people?. I still love them in Egypt they posses, extra in everything we had as civilized people, but no more.

Fairuz

Have you listened to any music singed in Arabic? or a melody, an Arabic melody ?. well here is the thing with Arabic music, these is lots of Arabic singers , believe it, maybe because a large population speaks the langue, from all the sniggers out there including the ones I personally despise the most , those who like to use synthesizer ..allot of synthesizer to the pint I just started laughing hysterically because the sound become a form of abnormal voices, think goblins, or male cats screaming out side a window,

Well here is the good thing, Arabic music don’t have to have synthesizer, and the answer is Fairuz sometimes pronounced or written differently but if you key it somewhere you might get the right name, listen to Fairuz, probably the best out of all Arabic sings Lebanese singers and performers, I came to love her music the most here, she singes about life in Libnan which I cant relate too, she sings about life afar from home, she singes about love, cool thing songs are sang in Classic Arabic , with a very good

Pronunciation, remember Arabic is all about how to manipulate voice chords to achieve optimum sense. Ok so why um Kalthum, well here is the thing Um Kalthum probably has the best lyrists around her at the time, the best composers if the history of the Arabic music, but perhaps the worst record producers of all time. Um Kalthum’s Arabic, Classical Arabic that is good, but not best, here my take on this and why “good
Pronunciation,” matters, you see when you listen to a song, say in English for example,

And keep listing , and then a letter is gone out of shape it helps maybe the purpose of the song, you hear that all the time in Rock music, they exaggerate pretty much everything, but people like it, but not in Classical music everything has to go right, that’s why its called ‘classic’. In Um Kalthum its all goes fine until a heavy letter is written and she say it and then the feeling for the song just goes away , well not in Fairuzs case.

The settler mentality

I believe they had it from the beginning, the looks, the talks, the thinking, the sing, its not amazing that mentality still exist. Floats around from the north-east to east-west to the south and stays south, in this matter. Still floats still there, still theirs, denying it all the time they do, “it’s the differences”, “it’s the Economical pressure”, “we have to put ut ourselves in their shoes”, no we don’t have to put anything anywhere, we just have to admit that you, from the beginning just did not like the fact of anything that has to do with anyone whom just happens to be nothing you are.

When the slave ship landed and the slaves were shipped from the ship, to the caret, chained still, feet, arms, hands, head, whatever chainable; supposedly the hitting and hating and African salve meant, that. here goes, that because the African Salve came into the land looking and smelling they he/she; normally he, was considered a beast, so what ?, beast smell and look African?, or beast comes on a ship and then on caret and then on to a Tobacco field?, I mean it makes no sense, at all.

In the class white student, there one student in particular, he acts as he knows at all, acting the usual, head shaking from left to right every time the word on the settlers, finding the hatred toward African slaves in the bible, and jumps out again, it because of Economic, the king the queen the field, the this, the that, no its not.

If that was to be true, if the smell and the looks of an African salve, coming here frightened them to the point, so they beastify him. Then why is it that when they them selves came out of a ship beastifyed the natives as well??
its not the pigment, maybe it was at one point or two, but not all the time, its always been in the head, in the mentality, the settlers mentality

WWWH

I can’t seem to “get it” by now. Family friends around the world friends, one day to days friends long time short time friends and then the people.Asking on my well being, and the question of when you will be here ?, where we are at where you should be, with us among us.I can answer these claims, but I can not fulfill with all requests, I think I knew better.

Ever since that moment, and the fear mixed with their own sense of fulfillment, when they as I , used be where they were, I felt the same way too, I needed someone far away from all these surroundings to empty, my emptiness on them, him, no always her.We used and seemingly still are looking, we do have all the freedom the freedom of time that is, we do have the freedom the freedom of mind…mind space, living the way we did, we do.I can’t not yet, not now anyway just come back. Although it is bad, here and, there where you at, I cant not now, I have to prove it to my self first then the rest of the friends and “the people”.